Migrasi WordPress ke Docker Container

Pada tutorial sebelumnya kita telah belajar bagaimana cara install WordPress di atas Docker container. Kali ini, kita akan belajar bagaimana cara migrasi website WordPress yang sudah berjalan baik itu di shared hosting maupun di VPS ke Docker container. Pada dasarnya tool yang digunakan tetap sama yaitu Docker Compose, yang perlu ditambahkan adalah mengimpor WordPress dan database hasil backup.

Tutorial Environment

WordPress yang ingin dipindahkan:

WordPress v5.9
Theme Blocksy dan pluginnya
Domain musaamin.my.id
DNS dan SSL Cloudflare

Docker host:

VPS Ubuntu 20.04
Docker 20.10
Docker Compose 2.5
Nginx reverse proxy

WordPress Backup

Diasumsikan WordPress telah dibackup dan ditransfer ke VPS. Filenya disimpan di folder /home/user.

Folder WordPress: /home/musa/musaamin.my.id
File backup database: /home/musa/wp.sql

Install Requirements

sudo apt update
sudo apt install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gnupg lsb-release
curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg
echo \
  "deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \
  $(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null
sudo apt update
sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io
sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

sudo apt update

sudo apt install apt-transport-https ca-certificates curl gnupg lsb-release

curl -fsSL https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu/gpg | sudo gpg --dearmor -o /usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg

echo \

"deb [arch=amd64 signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/docker-archive-keyring.gpg] https://download.docker.com/linux/ubuntu \

$(lsb_release -cs) stable" | sudo tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/docker.list > /dev/null

sudo apt update

sudo apt install docker-ce docker-ce-cli containerd.io

sudo usermod -aG docker $USER

Install Docker Compose.

sudo wget https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.5.0/docker-compose-linux-x86_64 -O /usr/bin/docker-compose
sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/docker-compose

1 2	sudo wget https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/v2.5.0/docker-compose-linux-x86_64 -O /usr/bin/docker-compose sudo chmod +x /usr/bin/docker-compose

Install Nginx.

sudo apt install nginx

1	sudo apt install nginx

Logout dari koneksi SSH, lalu login kembali.

Setup Folder Website

Membuat folder untuk menyimpan file WordPress dan database.

mkdir -pv ~/public_html/musaamin.my.id/src
mkdir -pv ~/public_html/musaamin.my.id/database
mkdir -pv ~/public_html/musaamin.my.id/database/data
mkdir -pv ~/public_html/musaamin.my.id/database/initdb.d

mkdir -pv ~/public_html/musaamin.my.id/src

mkdir -pv ~/public_html/musaamin.my.id/database

mkdir -pv ~/public_html/musaamin.my.id/database/data

mkdir -pv ~/public_html/musaamin.my.id/database/initdb.d

Copy file WordPress ke folder src.

cp -Rv ~/musaamin.my.id/* ~/public_html/musaamin.my.id/src
sudo chown -R www-data:www-data ~/public_html/musaamin.my.id/src

1 2	cp -Rv ~/musaamin.my.id/* ~/public_html/musaamin.my.id/src sudo chown -R www-data:www-data ~/public_html/musaamin.my.id/src

Copy file .sql ke folder initdb.d.

cp ~/wp.sql ~/public_html/musaamin.my.id/database/initdb.d

1	cp ~/wp.sql ~/public_html/musaamin.my.id/database/initdb.d

Docker Compose

Membuat file docker-compose.

cd ~/public_html/musaamin.my.id
nano docker-compose.yml

1 2	cd ~/public_html/musaamin.my.id nano docker-compose.yml

Isi dari file docker-compose.yml.

version: '3'

services:
  musaamin_db:
    image: mariadb/server:10.5
    container_name: musaamin_db
    volumes:
      - ./database/data:/var/lib/mysql
      - ./database/initdb.d:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d
    restart: always
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: rahasia
      MYSQL_DATABASE: wp
      MYSQL_USER: wp
      MYSQL_PASSWORD: rahasia

  musaamin_site:
    depends_on:
      - musaamin_db
    image: wordpress:php7.4 
    container_name: musaamin_site
    ports:
      - "8080:80"
    restart: always
    volumes:
      - ./src:/var/www/html

version: '3'

services:

musaamin_db:

image: mariadb/server:10.5

container_name: musaamin_db

volumes:

- ./database/data:/var/lib/mysql

- ./database/initdb.d:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d

restart: always

environment:

MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: rahasia

MYSQL_DATABASE: wp

MYSQL_USER: wp

MYSQL_PASSWORD: rahasia

musaamin_site:

depends_on:

- musaamin_db

image: wordpress:php7.4

container_name: musaamin_site

ports:

- "8080:80"

restart: always

volumes:

- ./src:/var/www/html

Yang akan dijalankan oleh docker-compose.yml yaitu:

Membuat container dengan nama musaamin_db dari image mariadb/sever:10.5. Terdapat 2 volume, mount dari folder yang telah dibuat untuk database. Database disimpan di folder data dan folder initdb.d yang berisi file .sql yang akan diimport ketika containter dibuat. MYSQL_USERNAME, PASSWORD, dan DATABASE disesuaikan dengan yang ada di file wp-config.php, sementara untuk MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD bisa ditentukan sendiri.
Membuat container dengan nama musaamin_site dari image wordpress dengan php7.4. Container ini berjalan di port 8080. Folder src yang berisi file WordPress dimount ke /var/www/html

Menjalankan docker-compose.

docker-compose up -d

1	docker-compose up -d

Menampilkan Docker container yang sedang berjalan.

docker ps

docker ps

Hasil yang ditampilkan.

CONTAINER ID   IMAGE                 COMMAND                  CREATED         STATUS         PORTS                                   NAMES
fdab7d39e67e   wordpress:php7.4      "docker-entrypoint.s…"   4 seconds ago   Up 2 seconds   0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, :::8080->80/tcp   musaamin_site
b1fb65da38f5   mariadb/server:10.5   "docker-entrypoint.s…"   4 seconds ago   Up 3 seconds   3306/tcp                                musaamin_db

CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES

fdab7d39e67e wordpress:php7.4 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 4 seconds ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:8080->80/tcp, :::8080->80/tcp musaamin_site

b1fb65da38f5 mariadb/server:10.5 "docker-entrypoint.s…" 4 seconds ago Up 3 seconds 3306/tcp musaamin_db

Konfigurasi Nginx

Selanjutnya melakukan konfigurasi Nginx untuk reverse proxy ke Docker containter.

Generate dhparam.pem.

sudo openssl dhparam -out /etc/ssl/dhparam.pem 2048

1	sudo openssl dhparam -out /etc/ssl/dhparam.pem 2048

Membuat file server block.

sudo nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/musaamin.my.id.conf

1	sudo nano /etc/nginx/conf.d/musaamin.my.id.conf

Isi dari file konfigurasi server block.

server {
  listen 443 ssl;
  server_name www.musaamin.my.id musaamin.my.id;

  ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/musaamin.my.id/musaamin.my.id-cert.pem;
  ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/musaamin.my.id/musaamin.my.id-key.pem;
  ssl_session_cache shared:nginx_SSL:10m;
  ssl_session_timeout 1440m;
  ssl_session_tickets off;

  ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
  ssl_prefer_server_ciphers off;

  ssl_ciphers "ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA";
  ssl_dhparam /etc/ssl/dhparam.pem;

  location / {
    proxy_pass http://localhost:8080;
    proxy_set_header Accept-Encoding "";
    proxy_set_header Host $host;
    proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
    proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
  }

  access_log /var/log/nginx/musaamin.my.id_access.log;
  error_log /var/log/nginx/musaamin.my.id_error.log;
}

server {
  listen 80;
  server_name www.musaamin.my.id musaamin.my.id;
  return 301 https://www.musaamin.my.id$request_uri;
}

server {

listen 443 ssl;

server_name www.musaamin.my.id musaamin.my.id;

ssl_certificate /etc/ssl/musaamin.my.id/musaamin.my.id-cert.pem;

ssl_certificate_key /etc/ssl/musaamin.my.id/musaamin.my.id-key.pem;

ssl_session_cache shared:nginx_SSL:10m;

ssl_session_timeout 1440m;

ssl_session_tickets off;

ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;

ssl_prefer_server_ciphers off;

ssl_ciphers "ECDHE-ECDSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:ECDHE-ECDSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-ECDSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:ECDHE-RSA-CHACHA20-POLY1305:DHE-RSA-AES128-GCM-SHA256:DHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384:ECDHE-RSA-AES128-SHA";

ssl_dhparam /etc/ssl/dhparam.pem;

location / {

proxy_pass http://localhost:8080;

proxy_set_header Accept-Encoding "";

proxy_set_header Host $host;

proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;

proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;

proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;

}

access_log /var/log/nginx/musaamin.my.id_access.log;

error_log /var/log/nginx/musaamin.my.id_error.log;

}

server {

listen 80;

server_name www.musaamin.my.id musaamin.my.id;

return 301 https://www.musaamin.my.id$request_uri;

}

Konfigurasinya sama seperti dengan Nginx server block yang berjalan di port 443 (HTTPS). Pastikan sertifikat dan private key SSL sudah tersedia di server, bisa didapatkan di Cloudflare (SSL/TLS -> Origin Server -> Create Certificate). Ketika website diakses, permintaan tersebut akan diteruskan ke container yang berjalan di port 8080.

Uji konfigurasi Nginx lalu restart.

sudo nginx -t
sudo systemctl restart nginx

1 2	sudo nginx -t sudo systemctl restart nginx

Konfigurasi WordPress

Membuka file wp-config.php dengan nano.

sudo nano ~/public_html/musaamin.my.id/src/wp-config.php

1	sudo nano ~/public_html/musaamin.my.id/src/wp-config.php

Mengubah DB_HOST dari localhost menjadi nama containter, musaamin_db.

define( 'DB_HOST', 'musaamin_db' );

1	define( 'DB_HOST', 'musaamin_db' );

Masukkan konfigurasi HTTPS berikut di atas /* That’s all, stop editing! Happy publishing. */.

if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO'])
    && $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO'] === 'https') {
    $_SERVER['HTTPS'] = 'on';
}

if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO'])

&& $_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO'] === 'https') {

$_SERVER['HTTPS'] = 'on';

}

Membuat file .htaccess jika belum ada.

sudo nano ~/public_html/musaamin.my.id/src/.htaccess

1	sudo nano ~/public_html/musaamin.my.id/src/.htaccess

Isi file .htaccess.

<IfModule mod_rewrite.c>
RewriteEngine On
RewriteRule .* - [E=HTTP_AUTHORIZATION:%{HTTP:Authorization}]
RewriteBase /
RewriteRule ^index\.php$ - [L]
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f
RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d
RewriteRule . /index.php [L]
</IfModule>

RewriteEngine On

RewriteRule .* - [E=HTTP_AUTHORIZATION:%{HTTP:Authorization}]

RewriteBase /

RewriteRule ^index\.php$ - [L]

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-f

RewriteCond %{REQUEST_FILENAME} !-d

RewriteRule . /index.php [L]

</IfModule>

Update DNS Record

Update DNS record, ubah ke IP server Docker host.

Pengujian

Lakukan pengujian untuk memastikan semuanya sudah berfungsi dengan baik.

Akses halaman depan
Akses post detail
Akses halaman dashboard
Install theme atau plugin
Posting artikel

Membackup Database

Membackup database yang berjalan di container.

docker exec musaamin_db /usr/bin/mysqldump -u root --password=rahasia wp > ~/wp_docker.sql

1	docker exec musaamin_db /usr/bin/mysqldump -u root --password=rahasia wp > ~/wp_docker.sql

Menghapus Container

Menghapus container dengan docker-compose.

cd ~/public_html/musaamin.my.id
docker-compose down
docker ps

cd ~/public_html/musaamin.my.id

docker-compose down

docker ps

Meskipun container sudah terhapus, tetapi datanya masih tetap ada.

ls -l ~/public_html/musaamin.my.id/src
ls -l ~/public_html/musaamin.my.id/database/data

1 2	ls -l ~/public_html/musaamin.my.id/src ls -l ~/public_html/musaamin.my.id/database/data

Selamat mencoba 🙂

5 Comments

yuds
24 December 2022 / 11:56 Reply
Halo mas mau tanya kalau semisal wp-content nya aja yang mau saya gunain buat migrate bisa engga ya ? atau harus wajib semua website di pack zip ?thanks
- Musa Amin
  25 December 2022 / 06:45 Reply
  kalau tanpa docker, biasanya wp-content yang dicopy karena itu data usernya, sementara yang lain adalah core wordpress. silakan dicoba aja untuk mengetahui hasilnya seperti apa
  - yuds
    25 December 2022 / 18:41 Reply
    Hasilnya ga muncul apa” mas, hmm mungkin akan saya coba kalau full zip semua wordpressnya , terimakasih responnya 🙂
  - yuds
    27 December 2022 / 13:18 Reply
    Saya udah lakuin semua step dan berhasil tapi kenapa ya hanya bisa akses dari ip internal + dengan port saja, tapi ketika pakai URL yang saya taruh di nginx conf gabisa , padahal udah saya buatin ip public dan saya arahkan ke domain DNS management saya , itu kenapa ya mas, siapa tau ada pencerahan thanks 🙂
    - Musa Amin
      27 December 2022 / 13:53 Reply
      cek kembali konfigurasi nginx

Tutorial Environment

WordPress Backup

Install Requirements

Setup Folder Website

Docker Compose

Konfigurasi Nginx

Konfigurasi WordPress

Update DNS Record

Pengujian

Membackup Database

Menghapus Container

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5 Comments

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